RESUMO A doença manchada de vinagreira causada por Corynespora cassiicola afeta a produção de cálice no México. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar vinte e dois genótipos de vinagreira contra C. cassiicola em casa de vegetação. Com base nas área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença (AACPD) foi possível detectar genótipos suscetíveis, tolerantes e resistentes. Dada a incidência nas folhas, os genótipos suscetíveis foram Conpoz, Sudlaz, Morcot e Sudigua (valores de AACPD 7379,2 a 5891,7); tolerantes foram Conayu e Chinxal (AACPD 1341,6 e 1313,2). Enquanto isso, pela severidade nas folhas, os suscetíveis foram Sudigua, Conpoz e Morena2 (AACPD de 788,4 a 436,3); tolerantes foram Almatech, Crioxal, Rojatec e Conayu (37,7 a 28,76 de AACPD). Enquanto, avaliando a incidência em cálices, genótipos suscetíveis foram; Morena2, Morena, Conpoz, Descop e Chinayu (AACPD de 6572,1 a 2319,4); para a gravidade suscetível foram Morena2, Descop, Morena, Cabxal, Chinayu e Conpoz (AACPD de 3355,4 a 779,2). A incidência e severidade nos cálices detectaram genótipos resistentes, que foram Almatech, Criolaz2, Criocot, Criolaz, Rojatec, Criopoz, Crioxal, Chinxal e Conayu (0,0 de AACPD). Neste estudo, foram detectados genótipos tolerantes e resistentes à mancha foliar e cálice causada por C. cassiicola em vinagreira.

ABSTRACT Roselle spot caused by Corynespora cassiicola affects calyx production in Mexico. The aim of the present study was to evaluate twenty-two roselle genotypes against C. cassiicola under greenhouse conditions. The area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) was used to detect susceptible, tolerant and resistant genotypes. Considering the incidence in leaves, susceptible genotypes were Conpoz, Sudlaz, Morcot and Sudigua (AUDPC values of 7379.2 to 5891.7); tolerant genotypes were Conayu and Chinxal (AUDPC 1341.6 and 1313.2). Based on the severity in leaves, susceptible genotypes were Sudigua, Conpoz and Morena2 (AUDPC from 788.4 to 436.3); tolerant genotypes were Almatech, Crioxal, Rojatec and Conayu (37.7 to 28.76 AUDPC). Assessment of the incidence in calyces indicated that susceptible genotypes were Morena2, Morena, Conpoz, Descop and Chinayu (AUDPC from 6572.1 to 2319.4); for the severity in calices, susceptible genotypes were Morena2, Descop, Morena, Cabxal, Chinayu and Conpoz (AUDPC from 3355.4 to 779.2). Incidence and severity on calyces evidenced resistant genotypes, which were Almatech, Criolaz2, Criocot, Criolaz, Rojatec, Criopoz, Crioxal, Chinxal and Conayu (0.0 AUDPC). In the present study, tolerant and resistant genotypes were detected to leaf and calyx spot caused by C. cassiicola in roselle.

Abstract: In Mexico, 99 tick species have been registered and 26 species of Amblyomma genus are known; the Hidalgo state does not have updated catalogs of Amblyomma spp. Between October 2019 and March 2020, were samples of ticks done in the Otomi-Tepehua Region directly from cattle, horses, dogs, cats, humans, leaf litter, weeds, resting places of animals and animal corpses. In the municipalities of Huehuetla, Tenango de Doria and San Bartolo Tutotepec were gathered 735 samples from warm weather rangelands; 494 of the no engorged ticks were randomly selected and taxonomically recognized as A. mixtum Koch, 1844 (Acari: Ixodidae). The ticks were caught from domestic hosts (n = 177), horses (n = 172), animals resting places (n = 51), humans (n = 34), animal corpses (n = 31) and cattle (n = 29). The locality that yielded the highest number of ectoparasites was Río Blanco (16.5%), followed by San Antonio (12.7%), El Canjoy (11.1%), San Isidro (9.5%) and La Esperanza Uno (8.9%); the highest infestation rates found were in horses (34.8%) and canines (32.9%), with all other host types under 10%. 13 ixodides A. mixtum were identified from humans that presented a clinical profile of fever (≥ 102.2 °F), severe muscle pain, lethargy, headache, papules and scoriations at the point of the tick bite. The tick A. mixtum is present in peridomestic environments of the Otomi Tepehua Region, where animal horses and canines serve as the principal disseminators from the rangelands to the rural housing.

Resumen: En México, se han registrado 99 especies de garrapatas y se conocen 26 especies pertenecientes al género Amblyomma; el estado de Hidalgo no cuenta con catálogos actualizados de Amblyomma spp. Durante el periodo de octubre 2019 a marzo de 2020, se realizaron recolecciones directas dentro de la Región Otomí-Tepehua sobre ganado vacuno y equino, perros, gatos, humanos, hojarasca, arvenses, lugares de descanso de los animales y animales atropellados. En los municipios de Huehuetla, Tenango de Doria y San Bartolo Tutotepec, se obtuvieron 735 muestras de garrapatas procedentes de agostaderos con climas cálidos y se seleccionaron al azar 494 ixódidos adultos no ingurgitados, identificados taxonómicamente como Amblyomma mixtum Koch, 1844 (Acari: Ixodidae). Las garrapatas fueron capturadas en hospedantes domésticos (n = 177), equinos (n = 172), sitios de descanso de animales (n= 51), de humanos (n = 34), animales atropellados (n = 31) y ganado vacuno (n = 29). La localidad que presentó mayor incidencia de ectoparásitos fue Río Blanco (16,5%), seguida de San Antonio (12,7%), El Canjoy (11,1%), San Isidro (9,5%) y La Esperanza Uno (8,9%); los hospedantes con mayor índice de infestación fueron el ganado equino (34,8%) y los caninos (32,9%), mientras que el resto presentó valores menores al 10%. Se obtuvieron 13 ixódidos A. mixtum de humanos que padecieron fiebre (≥ 39 °C), dolor muscular intenso, letargo, cefalea, pápulas y escoriaciones en el sitio de la picadura. La garrapata A. mixtum está presente en ambientes peridomésticos de la Región Otomí-Tepehua, donde los equinos y caninos fungen como los principales diseminadores de los agostaderos hacia las viviendas rurales.

Abstract The wilting of stevia plants (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) is one of the most important phytosanitary problems in the production area of Veracruz. The objective of this study was to identify the causal agent of wilt symptoms in stevia plants in a plantation located in Martinez of the Torre, in the state of Veracruz, Mexico. In 2015, Stevia plants were observed and collected with symptoms of root rot, basal stem necrosis and wilting. From the samples, Fusarium fungal colonies were continuously obtained. For the identification of the fungus, a morphological characterization and sequence analysis of the region of the transcribed internal spacer (ITS) and of the partial sequence of the gene of elongation factor 1-alpha (EF1-α) were performed. In addition, the pathogenicity of a representative isolate of Fusarium in stevia plants was verified. The results of the morphological characterization, analysis of ITS and EF1-α sequences, as well as the pathogenicity tests, determined that Fusarium oxysporum is the causal agent of the wilt symptoms of stevia plants in Martinez of the Torre, Veracruz.

Resumen La marchitez de plantas de estevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) es uno de los problemas fitosanitarios de mayor importancia en la zona productora de Veracruz. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar al agente causal de los síntomas de marchitez en plantas de estevia en una plantación localizada en Martínez de la Torre, en el estado de Veracruz, México. En 2015, se observaron y recolectaron plantas de estevia con síntomas de pudrición de raíz, necrosis basal del tallo y marchitez. A partir de las muestras, se obtuvieron continuamente colonias fúngicas de Fusarium. Para la identificación del hongo, se realizó una caracterización morfológica y análisis de secuencias de la región del espaciador interno transcrito (ITS) y de la secuencia parcial del gen factor de elongación 1-alpha (EF1-α). Además, se verificó la patogenicidad de un aislado representativo de Fusarium en plantas de estevia. Los resultados de la caracterización morfológica, análisis de secuencias ITS y EF1-α, así como las pruebas de patogenicidad, determinaron que Fusarium oxysporum es el agente causal de los síntomas de marchitez de plantas de estevia en Martínez de la Torre, Veracruz.